ISFAHAN
Origins: Isfahan Persian rugs originate from the city of Isfahan in central Iran (formerly Persia). Isfahan has a rich history of rug weaving dating back centuries, and its rugs are esteemed for their exceptional craftsmanship and intricate designs.
Design: Isfahan Persian rugs are characterized by intricate floral motifs, arabesques, medallions, and curvilinear patterns. These designs are meticulously executed with fine detail and precision, often incorporating rich colors such as deep blues, crimson reds, ivory, gold, and soft greens.
Construction: Isfahan rugs are handcrafted using high-quality materials such as fine wool, silk, and cotton. Silk is often used to highlight intricate details and add luster to the rug's surface. The rugs are hand-knotted using the Persian knot technique, resulting in a dense and durable pile.
Size and Shape: Isfahan Persian rugs come in various sizes, ranging from small accent rugs to large room-sized carpets. They are available in rectangular, square, and even round shapes, catering to different design preferences and spatial requirements.
Quality and Collectability: Isfahan Persian rugs are among the finest Persian rugs, prized for their exceptional quality, intricate designs, and historical significance. They are highly sought after by collectors and connoisseurs around the world and are considered valuable investments due to their craftsmanship and enduring popularity.
Cultural Significance: Isfahan Persian rugs are part of Iran's rich cultural heritage and represent a tradition of artistry and craftsmanship that has been passed down through generations. They serve as symbols of Persian culture and artistic ingenuity, reflecting the region's history, literature, and aesthetics.
Evolution: Over time, Isfahan Persian rugs have evolved to incorporate a blend of traditional designs and modern elements to appeal to contemporary tastes. While traditional motifs remain popular, modern Isfahan rugs may feature innovative color palettes or reinterpretations of classic patterns.
Antique Isfahan carpet that is best of type
History
Isfahan, the capital of the Persian empire during the Safavid rule was the most prominent weaving center. The Safavid rulers were great patrons of the arts, and they fostered an environment conducive to artistic expression. Shah Tahmasp I (1524–1576) and Shah Abbas I (1588–1629) were particularly renowned for their support of the arts, including rug weaving. There is less than 1500 examples of such carpets that are known to exist, Many have been acquired by famous musuems around the world.
The baron adolphe carl von rothschild ‘polonaise” carpet property of a german nobleman sold at christies
Together with a subtle palette of powder blue, indigo, sage-green, peach, and pale yellow the present carpet is woven with a heavily brocaded gold and silver field and a silver brocaded border. The hallmark shimmering silver and gold tones of ‘Polonaise’ carpets were achieved by wrapping extremely fine silver-gilt and silver thread diagonally around silk threads.
The Pommersfelden ‘polonaise’ carpet sold at chrisities
Second Revival
During the late 19th Century and early 20th century, a drastic revival in carpets occurred. The Persian nation prepared to produce their best-in-class carpets, and Isfahan was at the center of this transformation.
Mirza AGHA EMAMI
Out of all the famous names in the world of art in Isfahan, Mirza Agha Emami takes the crown of the modern age. Emami’s artistic genius does not receive enough credit, with many of his students such as Ahmed Archang regarded as the pinnacle of designers of the modern age. One must stop at the remarkable designs of his works such as the carpet to the left, this level of detail has yet to be rivaled in today’s work
Abdol rahim shureshi
Mr Abdul Rahim Shureshi, a rug weaving master is regarded as the reviver of rug weaving in isfahan, born in 1869, at a very young age he quickly was recognized by the shah of iran for his carpets, old antique Isfahan carpets of high caliber are often refered to as shureshi’s work, even if they are not a true shureshi piece due to extremely tight tolerances and very high standards set by him. His son Abbas was a skilled weaver and a master of traditional dyeing techniques who worked very closely with Haj agha reza seirafian
A Gorgeous isfahan carpet drawn by emami and woven in the shureshi workshop
hAJ aGHA REZA Seirafian
Haj Agha Reza seirafian began his career in rug weaving in 1939. Originally a banker , decided to produce a best of type carpet. he employed the most talented designers, skillful weavers and procured the best natural dyes and wool and silk of his time. Starting his career at a later age, his production was limited, making his carpets highly desirable among seasons collectors. Haji was survived by 7 sons who also work in carpet production. The most prominent of which is haji Mohammad seirafian
A beautiful 1930’s isfahan carpet attributed to artist mirza agha emami the workshop is unknown
Haj agha reza seirafian with his 7 sons
aHMED ARCHANG
The islimi legend of isfahan, Ahmed archang was a student of Haj Mirza Agha Emami, A revered artist Archange mastered the art of drawing eslimi’s (curvilinear drawing of carpets) he was commissioned heavily by several workshops to design Persian rugs, the most prominent of all is the seirafian workshop
Designed by archang and produced by haj agha Reza seirafian
hAJ MoHammad seirafian
Grand Master Mohammad Seirafian is the co-founder of the Seirafian Carpet with his father Haj Reza Seirafian. Haji is hands down the greatest producer of Persian carpets in the twentieth century. A philanthropist and a humanitarian at heart. In a tremendous act of generosity and without any support from anyone, he donated his greatest-ever masterpiece to the United Nations to bring the message of peace and unity to the rest of the world. This incredible masterpiece contains more than 1350 knots per square inch and was a decade in the making
it is our opinion that the true genius of Grand Master Seirafian has not fully gotten the attention it deserves he will most definitely go down in history as one of the greatest and most influential Persian of our time. Haji cared truly about his people and at times bought them houses to live in. his vision of peace and harmony between all mankind has yet to be fully understood. His masterpiece is displayed in the UN Headquarters in New York, a picture of this remarkable rug can be seen to your left.
For more information visit: www.un.org/ungifts/persian-carpet
A masterpiece by haj mohammad seirafian donated to the UN
hAJ sadiq seirafian
The Late Master Sadegh Seirafian (1922- 2005), one of the sons of Haj Agha Reza Seirafian became a carpet master producer after graduating from high school. He was also talented as a designer often creatively helping designers develop their sketches. Sadegh used his unique inscription, which added his full name in English to the inscription of the Serafian workshop. Having considerable interest and the same dreams as his father, he combined the dexterity of the skillful masters with his innovative thoughts and began to produce carpets. His works have attracted hundreds of enthusiasts, artists, and highly reputable collectors of high-quality hand-woven rugs and carpets.
Master Abdul Samad Isfahani
Master Abdolsamad worked closely with Haj Mehdi Haghighi, a luminary in 20th-century Isfahan weaving. Along with Abdul Rahim Shooreshi he is one of the founding father of isfahni rugs production in the late 19th early 20th century His role centered on quality assurance and executing intricate floral and medallion designs that defined his workshop.
Though specific biographical details are scarce, Abdolsamad’s craftsmanship contributed significantly to the era’s high standards and is acknowledged by collectors and historians alike.
Three carpets are known to exist by this great master one which can be seen displaying to the right
Ahmad Shahapour (ACTIVE TODAY)
Contemporary Master of Limited Edition Carpets
Ahmad Shahapour is a living legend among contemporary Isfahan carpet artists, known for producing exclusive limited editions. His “Shahapoor Paradise” series depicts detailed Persian gardens woven on silk foundations with knot densities exceeding 800 knots per square inch.
His use of natural dyes and masterful technique makes his carpets prized collector items.
Specialty: Limited edition carpets with silk foundations
Knot Density: 800+ knots per square inch
Signature Work: “Shahapoor Paradise” series
Materials: Silk and wool with natural dyes
Ahmed Isfahani (Early 20th Century)
Founder / Master of the “Ahmad School,” Isfahan
Ahmed Isfahani, often identified with Agha Ahmad Ajami, was a key figure in the revival of Isfahan carpet weaving in the early 20th century. At a time when the city’s weaving traditions were recovering from decline, he founded what became known as the “Ahmad school”, producing carpets that set both technical and aesthetic benchmarks. Many antique carpets are signed “Ahmad Isfahan” or “Ahmad Ajami,” a testament to his workshop’s influence and enduring recognition in domestic and international markets.
His carpets are distinguished by tight knot density, cotton foundations, dry wool piles, and vibrant yet darker-hued dyes, creating depth and longevity in the finished pieces. Ahmed Isfahani drew inspiration from classical Persian motifs, incorporating central medallions, Shah Abbasi palmettes, Islimi arabesques, and Tree of Life compositions. These designs exemplify a seamless blend of tradition and innovation, positioning his workshop as a precursor to later masterful Isfahan weaving schools such as Seirafian.
Key Highlights:
Artistic Focus: Pre-Seirafian Isfahan carpets with classical Persian motifs
Techniques: Tight knotting, natural dyes, cotton foundation, dry wool pile
Design Innovations: Medallions, Shah Abbasi motifs, arabesques, floral and Tree of Life patterns
Legacy: Influenced subsequent Isfahan carpet schools and workshops; his carpets remain highly collectible
Recognition: Carpets appear in antique auctions and dealer catalogs worldwide
Ahmed Isfahani’s work represents the bridge between classical Persian carpet artistry and the modern Isfahan revival, making him a cornerstone of the city’s weaving heritage. Though precise biographical details are scarce, the signature style and quality of his carpets continue to attest to his lasting impact on Persian art and craftsmanship.
Kord-Azad (workshop, dates unknown)
Custodians of Classical Safavid Weaving
Kord-Azad workshop maintains classical Isfahan weaving methods and natural dye usage. They produce carpets prized for design clarity and longevity.
Focus: Traditional knotting and natural dyes
Style: Classical Safavid motifs
Reputation: Valued for craftsmanship and authenticity
The Dardashti family workshop, founded in 1921 by Haj Ali Dardashti in Isfahan, has become one of the most respected names in Persian carpet weaving. Ali Dardashti distinguished himself early by introducing silk warps into his carpets, a mark of refinement that set his pieces apart in both the Isfahan and Naien styles. Following his passing, leadership of the workshop passed to his son Abbas Dardashti, who continued to expand the reputation of the brand while preserving the high standards of craftsmanship established by his father. Today, the workshop is run by the third generation, ensuring the continuity of tradition alongside carefully considered innovation.
Dardashti carpets are renowned for their fine knot density, delicate structures, and masterful use of natural dyes, producing deep, durable, and harmonious color palettes. The designs often feature medallion and Shah Abbasi motifs, as well as Islimi arabesques and Golfarang (rose-garden) patterns—all hallmarks of the Isfahan school. Every stage of production, from design and dyeing to weaving, is overseen within the workshop itself, allowing for exceptional quality control. Many pieces carry the woven signature “Isfahan 110 Dardashti,” a mark of authenticity recognized by collectors worldwide.
Over the past century, Dardashti has built not only a commercial brand but a cultural institution within Isfahan’s artistic legacy. Their carpets are sought after for both decorative beauty and investment value, appealing to collectors in Iran and abroad. By balancing tradition with contemporary sensibilities, the Dardashti family has ensured that their workshop remains a central pillar of Persian carpet art—a living testimony to how dedication across generations can turn a family name into a global standard of excellence.
Sadegh seirafian master piece
Dr. Hassan Hekmat-Nejad Majnuni (1920s – 1990s)
Diplomat of Persian Carpet Excellence
Dr. Hekmat-Nejad is renowned for producing some of the highest knot-density Persian carpets ever made, often exceeding one million knots per square meter. Born in the 1920s, he was commissioned by the Pahlavi government to create carpets used as diplomatic gifts.
His work combines silk foundations with silk-wool pile, resulting in rugs prized for their luminosity and durability. Dr. Hekmat-Nejad received multiple national honors for his artistic contributions.
Born: 1920s
Died: 1990s
Knot Density: Over one million knots per square meter
Commissioned by: Pahlavi government for diplomatic gifts
Honors: Multiple national awards
Akbar Mahdaei (1954-2025)
Distinguished Isfahan Artist and Designer
Akbar Mahdaei was a notable figure in Isfahan’s 20th and 21st-century art scene, recognized for his contributions to traditional Persian miniature painting and carpet design. Though specific birth and death dates are not well documented, Mahdaei’s artistic influence is well noted in archival records and art circles.
He was known for integrating classical Persian aesthetics with modern sensibilities, producing works that combined intricate detail with innovative compositions. Mahdaei’s designs were employed in various prestigious weaving workshops, where his cartoons guided the creation of carpets acclaimed for their artistic merit.
His role extended beyond design, as he mentored younger artists and helped sustain Isfahan’s cultural heritage during periods of transition.
Artistic Focus: Persian miniature painting and carpet design
Legacy: Integrated classical and modern artistic elements
Mentorship: Guided emerging artists and designers
Influence: Designs used in prominent Isfahan weaving workshops
Sarraf Mamoury (workshop, dates unknown)
Renowned Workshop Specializing in Silk-Wool Carpets
Sarraf Mamoury produces carpets famed for their central medallions and delicate arabesques. Carpets bear the signature “Iran Isfahan Sarraf Mamoury” and feature premium silk and wool blends.
Their works are highly regarded in Sotheby’s and Christie’s sales.
Specialty: Silk-wool blend carpets with medallion designs
Signature: “Iran Isfahan Sarraf Mamoury”
Market: Featured in premier auction houses
Master Haj Mehdi Khan Safdarzadeh Haghighi (1270 – 1347 AH / 1891 – 1968 CE)
A Visionary in Isfahan’s Carpet Tradition
Haj Mehdi Khan Safdarzadeh Haghighi, born in 1270 AH (1891 CE) to the family of Safdar Khan, grew up in an environment steeped in faith and a deep appreciation for the arts. His early years were marked by an apprenticeship with some of the most accomplished teachers of the age, including Master Abdul Samad Salami, Master Abdulmatallib Shureshi, and Master Abdulrahim Khan Shureshi. By the time he turned eighteen, his exceptional grasp of design, weaving, and dyeing had already distinguished him as Master Mehdi Khan, and his reputation spread quickly throughout Isfahan.
By 1318 AH (1939 CE), he was regarded as one of the foremost figures in the Persian carpet industry. His mastery was not limited to weaving alone; he was equally celebrated for his expertise in plant-based dyeing, producing vibrant, enduring colors in both wool and silk. What began as a modest family endeavor with a few looms at home soon grew into a professional enterprise. He established a workshop on Telephone Khaneh Street in Isfahan, employing a network of skilled weavers and steadily expanding his influence.
Prominent merchants such as Abdur Rahim Emami and Haghayegh became close collaborators, commissioning carpets from his workshop that gained recognition both within Iran and abroad. A defining hallmark of his pieces — well known among dealers and collectors — was his reliance on natural dyes, which lent his works a signature depth and authenticity.
In 1305 AH (1926 CE), responding to an invitation from the International Red Cross and the French Consul in Isfahan, he founded a weaving school in Naqsh-e Jahan Square. The initiative focused on training the Kalimi minority community in the art of carpet making. Many of those who later became successful carpet merchants on Ferdowsi Street in Tehran began their craft under his guidance at this institution.
Equally significant was his connection with Isfahan’s artistic elite. Collaborating with talents such as Mosavvar al-Molk, Gholamreza Farshchian, and the eminent miniaturist Mirza Agha Emami, he elevated carpet design to a new level of sophistication, integrating elements of miniature painting and fine art into weaving traditions.
Despite his accomplishments, Haj Mehdi Khan remained deeply humble. He never allowed his name to be woven into his carpets, preferring to let the art speak for itself. Quiet acts of generosity defined his character — he regularly assisted his workshop’s craftsmen without seeking recognition. Among his enduring creations are the Afshan Emami carpet and the Daghianos carpet, both celebrated as masterpieces of their era.
Haj Mehdi Khan Safdarzadeh Haghighi passed away on (August 1, 1968 CE). He was buried at Sayyid Mohammad Latif Khajowi’s Takiya, leaving behind a legacy not only of artistry and innovation but also of humility and service to his community.